| Message | I train hard. I get about 45 minutes of free weights and 30-60 minutes of cardio 5 days a week. I just have a hell of a time dieting and working out. I can eat like shit and run 5-10 miles at 300 pounds, but if I cut back on food I am so drained I can barely run 2 miles. So if I want to lose weight, or more importantly get lean, I have a dilemma. Any tips?
Thanks for your response.
Jeff's Response
Reggie,
Here is some advice that I would give my clients in your situation:
Step 1 Monitor what you Eat. Monitoring what you eat using a food log helps remove certain uncertainties and allows you to better objectively evaluate how you are doing, and how your body to the diet, It will also be a definitive way to identify potential deficiencies (in protein) or excess (such as in fat or calories).
A food log also will help you stay on track since many people often forget or underestimate the effect of the small snacks, candies, and other items that pop into the diet each day.
By tracking your food intake you know what you are eating and you can make needed adjustments to your diet as needed.
Another benefit that I have seen from my years of personal training experience: the act of writing down what you eat seems to make people eat less.
Step -2. Cycle your calories (i.e, 1600 on day 1, 800 on day 2, 1200 on day 3, 2000 on day 4, etc.). This will trick the body from wanting to slow down the metabolism. Cycling calories keeps your body working optimally, allowing you to maximize the calories you will burn without reaching a plateau. Carbs should also be cycled so your body does not adapt and limit the amount burned.
Other Tips
Always Prepare your Meals in Advance. Preparing your meals in advance allows you to weigh and measure foods your foods, rack what you are consuming and avoid processed, high sugar, high fat foods that derail many good diets and the best of intentions.
Minimize The Consumption of Processed Foods. Dieting will decrease your sources for essential nutrients. As you increase your training intensity your body needs for essential nutrients will increase. Since foods that have been processed lose many of the needed nutrients your body will remain hungry and will continue to try to satisfy itself by eating more food. This is not efficient and a sure fire way to keep the muscles hidden. Instead increase the consumption of natural, whole, unprocessed foods which will help your body meet its needs without extra calories, while also minimizing cravings and while increasing satiety.
Eat Smaller Meals and Eating more Frequently. When you overeat, even if the calories come from good food sources you will store the calories as fat. When you consume too many calories the excess over your immediate need is stored in your fat cells. Instead of 2 or 3 large meals eat 5 or 6 smaller meals (mostly high quality lean protein sources). It will also keep you from getting hungry, from burning muscle and it will better provide you with constant energy throughout the day. It will help optimize your metabolism and increases enzyme production in the digestive system. Eating this way will also aid metabolism and weight loss (promotes storing rather than burning calories).
Eat The Right Amount of The Right Carbohydrates. The Glycemic Index (also glycemic index, GI) is a ranking system for carbohydrates based on their immediate effect on blood glucose levels. It compares carbohydrates gram for gram in individual foods, providing a numerical, evidence-based index of postprandial (post-meal) glycemia. The concept was invented by Dr. David J. Jenkins and colleagues in 1981 at the University of Toronto.. High glycemic carbohydrates (e.g., fruits, white rice, white potatoes, bread, and pasta) are converted to glucose too quickly spiking insulin levels and causing the excess calories to be easily stored as fat. Consumption of high glycemic carbohydrates should be minimized (and optimally consumed only after training). Instead consume small amounts of low Glycemic Carbohydrates are broken down gradually to help maintain an even blood-sugar level). By properly managing carbohydrate intake this will provide many benefits, such as reducing the risk of heart attacks, decrease stored body fat, and reduce the risk of cells becoming insulin resistant.
Minimize (but do not eliminate) carbs For example, eating a meal high in carbohydrates will cause the release of insulin (a hormone that allows cells to uptake glucose). However, insulin also acts on adipose tissue to inhibit the release of fatty acids and will actually promote their synthesis. Adipose tissue is an anatomical term for loose connective tissue composed of adipocytes whose main role is to store energy in the form of fat. It also cushions and insulates the body as well as having an important endocrine function in producing recently-discovered hormones such as leptin, resistin and TNF.
Increase Consumption Of Fibrous Carbohydrates & High Quality Low Fat Protein
Increasing the consumption of fibrous carbohydrates and lean protein (e.g., turkey breast, chicken breast, non-fat yogurt, and cottage cheese) will help ward off hunger between meals, fuel muscle growth and will NOT spike your insulin levels (which can be detrimental to building lean muscle mass).
Eating small amounts of fibrous carbohydrates with your protein meals will also increase the protein assimilation. People involved in consistent, intense exercise require more protein intake and the muscle-building effects of weight-training can be enhanced by a high-protein diet.
Eat and Exercise at the Right Times. Doing cardio in the am before eating carbs is beneficial because your body's glycogen levels will be lower in the morning (assuming you last ate at dinner time and have essentially fasted for 10-12 hour fast). After fasting your insulin levels are the lowest.
When you consume a meal, especially one with carbohydrates your body releases insulin which interferes with the mobilization of body fat.
Doing cardio without eating causes your body to mobilize more fat because of the unavailability of glycogen. Blood glucose levels are also lower after an overnight fast so you will burn more fat which will be used for energy.
Note: this is also why many "fat burning" or carbohydrate blocking products contains several ingredients which have shown to reduce or regulate blood insulin levels. Eating immediately before cardio also inhibits fat burning because you will first have to burn off what you ate first before your body will burn stored body fat. Another important reason to do cardio in the morning if you will only do cardio one time per day…..You get the workout done before something occurs during the day that prevents you from the workout (or before you are too tired from a tough day).
Trust me, as you get older there will be more and more occasions where something will just "come up" that will prevent you from getting to the gym later in the day. By doing it in the morning you can avoid this trap, and get a good jump on your day. Cardio in the morning will also give you an energy boost throughout the rest of the day and can also regulate your appetite and assist you with controlling cravings and binging (besides also elevating your metabolism for a period of time after the cardio workout is over)!!
Monitor and Evaluate Cravings. Dieting can cause nutritional imbalances or deficiencies that can negatively impact several metabolic functions, so pay special attention to your diet, and any cravings you may have so that you do get all the vitamins and minerals your body may require. Without them the body may go into survival mode as previously discussed.
Increase your Workout Intensity. Increasing the intensity of your work outs with weights will burn more calories and more stored fat (explained below). It will also help increase lean muscle mass, which will raise your metabolic rate and burn more calories as well. Adding just one pound of lean muscle mass to your body will burn roughly 100 extra calories burned per day even at rest. Increasing the intensity of your work out can be done in one of several ways (Increasing the weight, shortening rest cycles, varying the number of sets, etc.
Do the Right Type of Cardio to Burn Fat. One of the keys to being successful in burning fat and preserving muscle is to do the right type of cardio. Fat is actually a slow burning fuel that requires oxygen. Therefore to burn fat you must take in enough oxygen. Not every type of cardio is correct if you want to maximize fat loss and maintain lean muscle. When you perform high intensity cardio (say in excess of 65% of your max heart rate) it becomes harder for your body to deliver all the oxygen needed in sufficient quantities to these hard-working cells. When that happens your brain signals your body (cells) to burn more glycogen to keep up with increasing demand that the high intensity cardio is causing. The body then adapts to use glycogen and sometimes protein/muscle (instead of fat) as the predominant energy source since they do not require oxygen. Low to moderate intensity cardio however allows the body to be in a favorable (higher oxygen) state conducive for the burning of stored body fat.
High intensity cardio is better for people who don't care about losing muscle. With high intensity cardio, you can burn more fat and calories in the same amount of time than low intensity. Low intensity is best for anyone that wants to look their best and maintain hard earned muscle. The latter point is important. The more muscle you have the more calories you will burn at rest, 24/7.
A quick way to gage the intensity is to try to talk while you are doing the exercise. You should be able to (have a conversation without breathing heavy and gasping for air. I typically recommend exercising between 55 % and 65 % of your maximum heart rate for optimal fat loss. A quick walk for 35-45 minutes is a great way to do this, and it is much better on your joints as well as opposed to running.
Maximize Cardio Sessions for the Most Gains. If you do have the time to two 35-45 minute sessions (one in the am and one pm) of cardio, you will find that your gains will be much better than just one super session. Splitting the cardio is the most beneficial because after each session your Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) will rise and you will actually continue to burn extra calories for several hours after the cardio session. When splitting the cardio you get this “freebie” twice. Doubling the cardio time will double the calories burned but you will not double the time that the MR remains elevated. This will help you reach your goals faster. If you had the time to do that I would recommend this optimal approach.
Keep Your Body Guessing. Another suggestion to keep you burning the most calories and also to keep you from getting bored is to:
Vary your cardio workouts by slightly by cycling (altering) your cardio intensity. For instance on Day one, stay at 65% of your max rate, Day two 55%, Day three 70%, etc. By doing this you will prevent your body from adapting too change (a good thing) while also still maintaining an average intensity in the lower range.
Vary your cardio workouts through different approaches (walking vs. calistinichs; stationary bike vs. running stairs, try different options on an exercise such as no hands, peddling in reverse, etc.)
Bottom line: Use different equipment or exercises occasionally will challenge your body. And as a result you will get a better workout and better results this way. If you can only do one session I would recommend 35 -45 minutes in the morning (on an empty stomach).
Consider Taking Supplements if your Doctor Approves. Taking the right supplements can also help increase your body’s ability to burn fat. Here are my favorite proven non stimulating supplements aid in fat burning include:
Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA)
CLA is a naturally occurring fatty acid in a number of foods (CLA such as milk, cheese, beef, lamb, etc.) that exerts a positive effect on protein and fat metabolism by accelerating fat loss. CLA's commercial form is derived from sunflower oil. In addition to increasing lean muscle mass while reducing body fat, studies have also shown CLA to have anti-catabolic, anti-oxidant, immune enhancement, and healthy cholesterol maintenance benefits. An ideal daily dose of CLA for a 200 lb. athlete is approximately 4-5 g/day even divided and taken with meals.
L-carnitine
L-carnitine is a non-essential amino acid (said to be non-essential because human bodies produce it) that burns fat by transferring long-chain fatty acids, such as triglycerides into mitochondria where the compound is oxidized to produce energy. Without optimal amounts of L Carnitine, there is not optimal fat burning because the breakdown of long chain fatty acids is slowed. L-carnitine works best with a diet moderately low in carbohydrates (50 percent or less of calories consumed) because high levels of carbohydrates promote high levels of insulin, which inhibits L-carnitine activity.
L-carnitine is also reported to improve the recovery rate for athletes by limiting the production of lactic acid (a waste product in muscle tissue). 1,000 mg to 4,000mg (1 to 4 grams) shuld be taken on an empty stomach; half an hour before a meal, right before a workout or a couple of hours after eating to optimize fat loss.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Omega-3 (along with omega-6) belongs to a family of fats called essential fatty acids (EFAs). These EFAs are found in polyunsaturated fats. Omega-3 are reported to help regulate the body's blood sugar levels, and also help to increase the bodies metabolic rate resulting in more calories burned. The richest natural source is flax seed oil (linseed oil) Oily fish such as salmon, herring, sardines, rainbow trout, eels, kippers and mackerel also contain high levels of Omega-3 EFAs. I recommend 10 to 12 grams per day with meals in equally divided amounts.
Calcium Pyruvate (Pyruvate)
Calcium Pyruvate (Pyruvate) is a naturally formed product (a three-carbon ketoacid produced in the end stages of glycolysis) that enhances the transport of glucose and protein into muscle cells and increases the amount of ATP available to the mitochondria. (Pyruvate is the "end" product when carbohydrates and proteins are metabolized in the body).
Pyruvate's fat burning benefits are based on its potential to increase resting metabolic rate. Pyrurate increases the body's use of fat as an energy source for cellular respiration thus raising our metabolic rate, and the higher our resting metabolism, the more calories we burn throughout the day. The calories burned are also calories that will not be stored as fat. There is controversy as to what dosage of pyruvate is effective. Critics argue that while pyruvate may be effective for weight loss, the amount required is too high (30 grams a day) to be safe for daily consumption. Recent studies have shown effectiveness using only six grams of pyruvate a day. Although there is disagreement, I have found that eight grams of pyruvate divided over three doses works well for me, especially when I am taking CLA and L-carnitine. Higher doses can be irritating to the stomach.
MCT Oil
MCT Oil stands for Medium Chain Tryglycerides. MCTs are derived from coconut oil. When MCT oil is metabolized in the body, it behaves more like a carbohydrate than a fat.
Remember that the fuel of preference for the body is carbohydrate. Unlike other fats, MCT oil does not go through the lymphatic system. Instead, it is transported directly from the small intestine to the liver by the portal vein. Some MCT's are used for thermogenesis, and a portion is converted to ATP, the energy currency of the cell. In the liver, some of the MCTs are turned into ketone bodies, which the muscles can use for energy like a carbohydrate. Because MCTs are processed in the liver, so there is little left to be stored as fat.
MCTs are an excellent energy source for people on low carb diets, or for those that are cycling carbs (on their low carb days) as they can deter the "low carb blahs” that make people irritable and weak. Note: MCT oils can irritate the stomach so when starting a plan with MCT oils work up to a dose that your body can stand.
My Honorable Mention List
Secondary supplements that aid in glucose transport (e.g., chromium).
Secondary supplements that aid in adrenal gland function and conversion of glucose to energy (e.g., Vitamin B5/pantothenic acid, Magnesium)
Secondary supplements important for the maintenance of blood glucose levels (Manganese
Secondary supplements that aid in controlling insulin levels (e.g., chromium, Brewer's Yeast, zinc)
Secondary supplements that reduce blood sugar/reduce fat storage (e.g., Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA), Ginseng, Inositol)
Secondary supplements that reduce fat absorption (e.g., Chitosan)
Secondary supplements that aid in fatty acid metabolism (e.g., B3,Niacin/Niacinamide)
Supplements that slows down the body's fat-making process (e.g., calcium).
Best Regards,
Jeff Behar |